Article presents a popular view on solar activity, explains how this activity is predicted with new proxy, solar background magnetic field, discusses grand solar minima (GSM) and the modern GSM (2020-2053). It also provides the proofs taken from the ephemeris of Sun-Earth distances about the effects of solar inertial motion on the position of the Sun within the Earth’s orbit and, thus, on baseline solar magnetic field, solar irradiance coming to Earth in the two millennia 600-2600 and possible effects on terrestrial temperature.
The article uses the Sun-Earth distances from the ephemeris (VSOP87 and JPL), calculates the relevant changes of solar irradiance and confirms in the ephemeris plots all the hints about the effects of solar inertial motion expressed in the retracted paper by Zharkova et al, 2019.
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